Modern laparoscopic management of ovarian cysts with fertility preservation.
The ovaries are the organs that contain the eggs and produce the female hormones estradiol and progesterone. Each month, an egg matures within a follicle, which normally regresses after ovulation.
Sometimes these small cysts persist (functional cysts) or other cysts develop that require treatment. Accurate diagnosis and an individualized approach are crucial for effective management.
Functional cysts make up the vast majority in young premenopausal women and resolve on their own. Organic cysts — cystadenoma, endometriosis cyst (endometrioma), and teratoma — do not resolve and often require surgical treatment.
Many cysts are asymptomatic. When they cause discomfort, symptoms include pelvic pain, menstrual irregularities, and pain during intercourse. Diagnosis is made easily with transvaginal ultrasound.
Although relatively rare, risks include: cyst rupture with acute pain or bleeding, ovarian torsion (requiring immediate intervention to prevent necrosis), enlargement, and infection of endometriosis cysts with abscess formation.
Depending on the case: conservative monitoring with periodic ultrasounds, medical treatment for endometriosis cysts, or laparoscopic surgical removal for cystadenomas, teratomas, and certain endometriosis cysts. In premenopausal patients with a benign appearance, ovarian preservation is always the goal.
Laparoscopic surgery is one of the most significant advances in medicine. It allows complex operations through small incisions (5-10 mm), with faster recovery, less pain, less bleeding, fewer adhesions, and better cosmetic results.
At our center, we apply an individualized approach for every patient. Our laparoscopic technique ensures maximum preservation of ovarian tissue, protecting fertility.
